A finales del siglo XIX, construir el canal que uniera el Atl\u00e1ntico y el Pac\u00edfico era el gran sue\u00f1o de la ingenier\u00eda moderna. Una obra tan ambiciosa como la carrera aeroespacial o la fiebre tecnol\u00f3gica de nuestro siglo. Y, como ocurre siempre en estas historias, todos cre\u00edan saber cu\u00e1l era la receta del \u00e9xito: dinero, prestigio y el mejor talento t\u00e9cnico disponible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ferdinand de Lesseps, el h\u00e9roe que hab\u00eda construido el Canal de Suez, ten\u00eda precisamente eso. Contaba con financiaci\u00f3n masiva, apoyo pol\u00edtico y la atenci\u00f3n de toda Europa. Si alguien pod\u00eda construir el Canal de Panam\u00e1, era \u00e9l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00bfEntonces por que su proyecto termin\u00f3 en desastre? Mientras invert\u00eda millones en excavadoras, estructuras y planificaci\u00f3n, cientos de miles de trabajadores mor\u00edan en los campamentos. La moral cay\u00f3, la financiaci\u00f3n se evapor\u00f3 y la empresa quebr\u00f3. El \u201cproyecto imposible\u201d se convirti\u00f3 en un s\u00edmbolo de fracaso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pero, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 mor\u00edan los trabajadores? Nadie lo sab\u00eda, y tampoco nadie lo investig\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fue entonces cuando Estados Unidos asumi\u00f3 el control del proyecto en 1904. Designaron a William C. Gorgas, un m\u00e9dico militar con experiencia en campa\u00f1as de saneamiento en La Habana, para enfocarse primero en entender y controlar el problema sanitario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gorgas aplic\u00f3 los descubrimientos de Carlos Finlay, un m\u00e9dico cubano que en su momento hab\u00eda tenido poca credibilidad. Finlay sosten\u00eda la hip\u00f3tesis de que la fiebre amarilla se transmit\u00eda por mosquitos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gorgas lanz\u00f3 una operaci\u00f3n masiva de limpieza, drenaje y control sanitario basada en las teor\u00edas de Finlay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diez a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde, el 15 de agosto de 1914, el Canal de Panam\u00e1 se inaugur\u00f3. El mundo entendi\u00f3 que fue la gran fuerza de financiaci\u00f3n de la m\u00e1quina estadounidense lo que termin\u00f3 el proyecto. Ning\u00fan medio habl\u00f3 de las teor\u00edas de Finlay, ni de la gesti\u00f3n de Gorgas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hoy, si visitas el museo del canal de Panam\u00e1, puedes escuchar esta historia y recordar que delante de un gran problema es necesario hacerse grandes preguntas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00abSi tuviera una hora para resolver un problema, pasar\u00eda los primeros 55 minutos en determinar la pregunta correcta, porque una vez que la conozca, podr\u00eda resolver el problema en menos de cinco minutos\u00bb - <\/kbd><\/em>Albert Einstein<\/em><\/kbd><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Felices fiestas, Feliz Navidad y pr\u00f3spero a\u00f1o nuevo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" A finales del siglo XIX, construir el canal que uniera el Atl\u00e1ntico y el Pac\u00edfico era el gran sue\u00f1o de 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